{"id":1733,"date":"2022-07-04T08:23:13","date_gmt":"2022-07-04T08:23:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kellykingsly.com\/?page_id=1733"},"modified":"2024-01-04T13:30:35","modified_gmt":"2024-01-04T13:30:35","slug":"papers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kellykingsly.com\/papers\/","title":{"rendered":"PDF"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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PAPERS\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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ALL PAPERS<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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WELCOME TO THE\nEAFORUM 2022\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tEconomics of Emerging Technologies\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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WELCOME TO THE\nEAFORUM 2022\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tEconomics of Emerging Technologies\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Impact of COVID-19 on Supply Chain Management<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Epidemiology of Peripheral Vascular Disease The Long Life Family Study(LLFS)…..<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Challenges Facing the Fight Against Fraud and Corruption Practices in the Cameroonian Public Sector<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tIt has been documented that fraud and corruption are gargantuan twin\nbrothers that have limited the growth and infrastructure of many nations and\nled many firms to the road of bankruptcy. Fraud is rarely seen but the\nsymptoms of fraud are usually observed. Corruption, the twin brother of\nfraud is the misuse of entrusted power for private benefit and includes;\nbribes, cronyism and nepotism, political donations, kickbacks and artificial\npricing and fraud of all kinds.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Communaut\u00e9 Economique et Mon\u00e9taire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC)<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's Who<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tThis study analyzed the link between economic growth and income inequality in Central African countries by \nintegrating the geographic dimension (the contribution of the fixed exchange rate to the dynamics of \neconomic growth and income inequality).\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\nFraud and Corruption Practices in Public Sector: The Cameroon Experience<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2015<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tFraud and corruption are gargantuan twin brothers that have limited the growth and infrastructure of many \nnations and led many firms to the road of bankruptcy. Fraud is rarely seen but the symptoms of fraud are usually \nobserved. Corruption the twin brother of fraud is the misuse of entrusted power for private benefit and includes; \nbribes, cronyism and nepotism, political donations, kickbacks and artificial pricing and fraud of all kinds\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Economic Implications of COVID-19 and Key Lessons for Policymakers<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2015<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The economic and health implications of COVID-19 are broad-based on the Cameroonian economy, with the service sector likely to see the most adverse effects. Negative global spillovers from falling industrial and manufacturing activity in China will cause a retrenchment in exports due to falling external demand. Meanwhile, a weaker currency has exacerbated inflationary pressures, which suggest a more marked impact from COVID-19 in the near term. This paper employs a qualitative and data-centric approach to map the economic implications of COVID-19 on Cameroon\u2019s economy with policy recommendations designed to attenuate the short-term negative spillovers and support a transition away from fossil fuels via targeted fiscal measures such as wage subsidies and a sector-specific approach to digitization.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pr Kelly Mua kingsley Financial Literacy and wealth creation<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tFinancial literacy is the ability to understand how money works: how someone makes, manages and \ninvests it, and also expends it. In other words “the ability to use knowledge and skills to manage \nfinancial resources effectively for a lifetime of financial well-being.\u201d \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Decentralisation and forest revenue<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pr Kelly Mua Kingsly, 2020<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Decentralization or decentralization (see spelling differences) is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding planning and decision making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group. Concepts of decentralization are applied to group dynamics and management science in private businesses and organizations, political science, law and public administration, economics, money and technology. According to Wikipedia. This process in public administration or in the management of state affairs, intents to bring the people closest to the local authorities as they actively participate in the management of their affairs.
The use of resources generated by the decentralized communities are varied and numerous, in line with the government structure in place, these resources are either managed and used solely by the community or partially. The partial use of the revenue is to ensure equitable distribution of state or federal resources because some regions may not be as wealthy like others.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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China sneezes and the world catches a cold<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Professor kelly Mua Kingsly, 2020<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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When China sneezes the world catches a cold is a statement that is true today more than ever before. The outbreak of the COVID-19 has had far reaching consequences around the world as almost every component of society is greatly affected in one way or the other .The impact transcends through culture, politics, history, economic, health and even the distortion of the historical landscape. If anyone doubted the super power position of China, COVID-19 has given us the opportunity to rethink. Economically, the ban of flights and limited movements in and out of the country has impaired the positive evolution of the financial markets naturally tilting the growth curve towards continues low. Food supplies, medication, importation and most especially commodity prices are on their all-time low. On the health side with extraverted\u00a0 African economies is meting towards short falls , at the central African sub region, rating institutions are projecting a 4.1% drop in consumer goods as import is greatly affected . The United Nations said it now estimates Africa’s GDP rate will fall from 3.2 percent to 1.8 percent this year. In order for Africa to meet its global targets under the UN\u2019s Sustainable Development Goals, economists say Africa must grow at a minimum of 8 percent.
The novel COVID-19 has infected more than 94,800 people in at least 77 countries (see chart), bringing global manufacturing supply chains to a grinding halt and causing a slowdown in key service sectors such as tourism, transport, and recreation. While the virus will cause exports from Cameroon to China and Italy to fall, policymakers must see the negative implications of the virus as a trigger to incentivise higher value-added products such as components for computers and solar panels, consumer products such as cornflakes, packaged salmon, potatoes and cornflower, which are all appropriate for an increasingly climate-centric global consumer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Reponse agressive des Banques Centrales COVID 1920200330 72026 mpvh66<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Les banques centrales ont abaiss\u00e9 leurs taux d’int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 leurs plus bas historiques pour tenter de r\u00e9duire l’impact n\u00e9gatif de COVID-19, tandis que des injections de liquidit\u00e9s sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es pour r\u00e9duire les contraintes de financement et les frictions sur le march\u00e9 financier. La politique mon\u00e9taire att\u00e9nuera les retomb\u00e9es \u00e9conomiques et financi\u00e8res du virus, les d\u00e9cideurs politiques devraient souligner la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de mesures fiscales cibl\u00e9es pour compl\u00e9ter la politique mon\u00e9taire accommodante et la liquidit\u00e9 de la banque centrale. Celles-ci devraient aboutir \u00e0 des transferts fiscaux, des subventions salariales et une r\u00e9duction significative des cotisations de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale pour les m\u00e9nages. N\u00e9anmoins, les banques centrales devraient commencer \u00e0 endiguer les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s structurelles des march\u00e9s financiers et veiller \u00e0 ce que les injections de liquidit\u00e9s soient une mesure \u00e0 court terme con\u00e7ue pour am\u00e9liorer les transmissions de la politique mon\u00e9taire plut\u00f4t que de cr\u00e9er une d\u00e9pendance aux march\u00e9s financiers, comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas depuis la crise financi\u00e8re. Le Coronavirus ou COVID-19 a fait ralentir l’\u00e9conomie mondiale, les rendements gouvernementaux ont chut\u00e9 et les contraintes de liquidit\u00e9 se sont accrues sur les march\u00e9s financiers des \u00e9conomies avanc\u00e9es. Avant cela, les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Chine \u00e9taient enferm\u00e9s dans une rivalit\u00e9 g\u00e9opolitique, \u00e9conomique et technologique qui a provoqu\u00e9 un ralentissement cyclique synchronis\u00e9 alors que les entreprises reportaient les d\u00e9cisions d’investissement. Cette tendance \u00e0 ralentir les investissements en capital dans des secteurs productifs tels que les technologies vertes et les \u00e9nergies renouvelables a vu la productivit\u00e9 d\u00e9cliner; et les malheurs mondiaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 aggrav\u00e9s par le Brexit dans un contexte de croissance atone du march\u00e9 unique. Apr\u00e8s la signature de la premi\u00e8re phase de l’accord commercial et de l’USMCA, COVID-19 a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se r\u00e9pandre \u00e0 Wuhan, la capitale de la province du Hubei. Depuis lors, le virus s’est propag\u00e9 en Italie, en Am\u00e9rique du Nord et en Afrique. Dans l’intervalle, les cha\u00eenes d’approvisionnement mondiales de la fabrication de cosm\u00e9tiques, du secteur automobile, des produits de consommation et industriels sont au point mort, le sentiment des entreprises et des consommateurs a chut\u00e9 dans certaines \u00e9conomies avanc\u00e9es et le secteur des services, qui englobe le tourisme, les transports et les restaurants, a \u00e9t\u00e9 affect\u00e9 par le virus. Les banques centrales peuvent \u00e9valuer l’impact du virus Corona de deux points de vue; 1) \u00c0 moyen terme, le virus augmentera le stress financier des entreprises et du secteur financier, mais les petites et moyennes entreprises sont les plus touch\u00e9es car elles ont tendance \u00e0 s’appuyer sur les d\u00e9couverts, les m\u00e9canismes de financement ou d’autres formes de financement variable qui ont un impact significatif sur leurs co\u00fbts d’exploitation ou frais g\u00e9n\u00e9raux. Pour les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s cot\u00e9es, les contraintes de financement d\u00e9pendent de l’\u00e9tendue des liens avec la cha\u00eene d’approvisionnement en Chine, en Europe et en Am\u00e9rique du Nord. Ces entreprises peuvent \u00eatre expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la Chine pour des composants tels que la pomme ou \u00e0 la demande d’Adidas et de Nike. Prenons l’exemple de l’Afrique du Sud, avec un ratio dette \/ PIB de 66%, sa courbe de rendement sugg\u00e8re une prime de risque car ses perspectives de Fitch sont actuellement n\u00e9gatives avec une note de cr\u00e9dit BB +. En tant que tel, les entreprises nationales sans recours aux march\u00e9s internationaux de la dette verront leurs sources de financement se tarir si le pays n’adopte pas les approches chinoises pour endiguer le virus. Ce dernier a actuellement trait\u00e9 70% des cas selon le PIB. En outre, les banques centrales doivent assouplir les contraintes de financement via des injections de liquidit\u00e9s via des achats d’obligations \u00e9tendus, des taux d’int\u00e9r\u00eat plus bas, les facilit\u00e9s de mise en pension visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les frictions financi\u00e8res.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Coronavirus and carbon transition for developing economies<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Synopsis: The corona virus, (Covid-19) has spread to several continents and Italy has in recent days become Europe’s worst-affected country. Whilst the humanitarian costs leaves little to desire, the economic impact has halted manufacturing supply chains across china and the world, caused imports of crude oil to fall by 25% , global economic activity to slow and oil prices to hit 31-$33\/bl. In the meantime, central banks have cut interest rates in an attempt to reduce the adverse effects of a slowing global economy but commodity exporters such as Nigeria, South Africa and Cameroon will likely bear the brunt of weaker demand. Rather than stimulate domestic economies via interest rate cuts, central banks should emphasise the need for targeted fiscal reforms that prioritise higher value-added products such as green technologies, consumer and non-consumer products, intermediate products and components for industrial machinery. Such an approach will increase the number of people employed in formal sectors, reduce the impact of the virus on long-term economic growth whilst improving the pass-through from monetary policy to economic activity and inflation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Reponse agressive des Banques Centrales COVID<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Les banques centrales ont abaiss\u00e9 leurs taux d’int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 leurs plus bas historiques pour tenter de r\u00e9duire l’impact n\u00e9gatif de COVID-19, tandis que des injections de liquidit\u00e9s sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es pour r\u00e9duire les contraintes de financement et les frictions sur le march\u00e9 financier. La politique mon\u00e9taire att\u00e9nuera les retomb\u00e9es \u00e9conomiques et financi\u00e8res du virus, les d\u00e9cideurs politiques devraient souligner la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de mesures fiscales cibl\u00e9es pour compl\u00e9ter la politique mon\u00e9taire accommodante et la liquidit\u00e9 de la banque centrale. Celles-ci devraient aboutir \u00e0 des transferts fiscaux, des subventions salariales et une r\u00e9duction significative des cotisations de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale pour les m\u00e9nages. N\u00e9anmoins, les banques centrales devraient commencer \u00e0 endiguer les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s structurelles des march\u00e9s financiers et veiller \u00e0 ce que les injections de liquidit\u00e9s soient une mesure \u00e0 court terme con\u00e7ue pour am\u00e9liorer les transmissions de la politique mon\u00e9taire plut\u00f4t que de cr\u00e9er une d\u00e9pendance aux march\u00e9s financiers, comme cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 le cas depuis la crise financi\u00e8re. Le Coronavirus ou COVID-19 a fait ralentir l’\u00e9conomie mondiale, les rendements gouvernementaux ont chut\u00e9 et les contraintes de liquidit\u00e9 se sont accrues sur les march\u00e9s financiers des \u00e9conomies avanc\u00e9es. Avant cela, les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Chine \u00e9taient enferm\u00e9s dans une rivalit\u00e9 g\u00e9opolitique, \u00e9conomique et technologique qui a provoqu\u00e9 un ralentissement cyclique synchronis\u00e9 alors que les entreprises reportaient les d\u00e9cisions d’investissement. Cette tendance \u00e0 ralentir les investissements en capital dans des secteurs productifs tels que les technologies vertes et les \u00e9nergies renouvelables a vu la productivit\u00e9 d\u00e9cliner; et les malheurs mondiaux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 aggrav\u00e9s par le Brexit dans un contexte de croissance atone du march\u00e9 unique. Apr\u00e8s la signature de la premi\u00e8re phase de l’accord commercial et de l’USMCA, COVID-19 a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se r\u00e9pandre \u00e0 Wuhan, la capitale de la province du Hubei. Depuis lors, le virus s’est propag\u00e9 en Italie, en Am\u00e9rique du Nord et en Afrique. Dans l’intervalle, les cha\u00eenes d’approvisionnement mondiales de la fabrication de cosm\u00e9tiques, du secteur automobile, des produits de consommation et industriels sont au point mort, le sentiment des entreprises et des consommateurs a chut\u00e9 dans certaines \u00e9conomies avanc\u00e9es et le secteur des services, qui englobe le tourisme, les transports et les restaurants, a \u00e9t\u00e9 affect\u00e9 par le virus. Les banques centrales peuvent \u00e9valuer l’impact du virus Corona de deux points de vue; 1) \u00c0 moyen terme, le virus augmentera le stress financier des entreprises et du secteur financier, mais les petites et moyennes entreprises sont les plus touch\u00e9es car elles ont tendance \u00e0 s’appuyer sur les d\u00e9couverts, les m\u00e9canismes de financement ou d’autres formes de financement variable qui ont un impact significatif sur leurs co\u00fbts d’exploitation ou frais g\u00e9n\u00e9raux. Pour les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s cot\u00e9es, les contraintes de financement d\u00e9pendent de l’\u00e9tendue des liens avec la cha\u00eene d’approvisionnement en Chine, en Europe et en Am\u00e9rique du Nord. Ces entreprises peuvent \u00eatre expos\u00e9es \u00e0 la Chine pour des composants tels que la pomme ou \u00e0 la demande d’Adidas et de Nike. Prenons l’exemple de l’Afrique du Sud, avec un ratio dette \/ PIB de 66%, sa courbe de rendement sugg\u00e8re une prime de risque car ses perspectives de Fitch sont actuellement n\u00e9gatives avec une note de cr\u00e9dit BB +. En tant que tel, les entreprises nationales sans recours aux march\u00e9s internationaux de la dette verront leurs sources de financement se tarir si le pays n’adopte pas les approches chinoises pour endiguer le virus. Ce dernier a actuellement trait\u00e9 70% des cas selon le PIB. En outre, les banques centrales doivent assouplir les contraintes de financement via des injections de liquidit\u00e9s via des achats d’obligations \u00e9tendus, des taux d’int\u00e9r\u00eat plus bas, les facilit\u00e9s de mise en pension visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les frictions financi\u00e8res.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Financial stability and sovereign risk - An empirical analysis of the CEMAC region<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Financial stability and sovereign risk: An empirical analysis of the CEMAC region, 2020<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Abstract: Investments by the private and public sector have formed the basis for economic growth in developing economies. The creation of goods and services for consumption hinge on the ability of market actors to lend from financial institutions. The process of credit creation is, therefore, central to economic activity, output, employment, productivity and wage growth. Nevertheless, it is not clear that crowding out of investment occurs via lending to state-entities, whose ability to repay credit is contingent on oil prices and domestic economic activity. This paper finds that the impact of the public sector on per capita GDP is weaker (1.6%), while the impact of private credit is significantly larger at (2.6%). Greater linkages between commercial banks and the public sector increase financial stability risks as weaker oil prices affect the ability of the public sector to repay its loans to Cameroon\u2019s commercial banks. In other to bolster financial stability, commercial banks should make targeted investments in high-growth and scalable sectors that will reduce the uncertainty on their profits stemming from uncertain oil prices and late repayments by state-owned entities. Not only will a climate-centric and diversified portfolio insulate bank profits over the medium-long run, but they will also reduce the exposure of their asset and liquidity positions to uncertain commodity prices.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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COMMUNAUT\u00c9 \u00c9CONOMIQUE ET MON\u00c9TAIRE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tLa pand\u00e9mie du coronavirus (COVID-19), qui s\u2019est d\u00e9clench\u00e9e en Chine en fin 2019 et \ns\u2019est propag\u00e9e dans plusieurs pays dans le monde, n\u2019a pas \u00e9pargn\u00e9 les pays de la CEMAC. \nAu 22 mars 2020, tous les six pays de la sous-r\u00e9gion sont affect\u00e9s par cette crise, avec au \ntotal 79 cas de contamination actifs identifi\u00e9s, un cas d\u00e9c\u00e8s et deux gu\u00e9risons.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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FORENSIC SCIENCE (1)<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Forensic science , 2020\n<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The term forensic science involves forensic (or forensis, in Latin), which means a public discussion or debate. In a more modern context, however, forensic applies to courts or the judicial system. Combine that with science, and forensic science means applying scientific methods and processes to solving crimes.
From the 16th century, when medical practitioners began using forensic science to writings in the late 18th century that revealed the first evidence of modern pathology, to the formation of the first school of forensic science in 1909; the development of forensic science has been used to uncover mysteries, solve crimes, and convict or exonerate suspects of crime for hundreds of years.
The extraordinary scientific innovations and advancements in forensic science have allowed it to become a highly developed science that involves a number of disciplines and thousands of forensic scientists specializing in everything from DNA and botany to dentistry and toolmarks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Poster A3<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tMany emerging markets,low-income countries require a major step increase in infrastructure investments to alleviate growth constrains,respond to urbanization pressure,and meet their crucial goals for investment growth,development and sustainability.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tresor public<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tLa criminalit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re au Cameroun comme dans plusieurs pays est constitu\u00e9e de plusieurs \ntypes d’infractions ayant en commun le fait qu’elles portent atteinte \u00e0 la vie \u00e9conomique du \npays. Pour y faire face, les diff\u00e9rents gouvernements ont d\u00fb adopter un syst\u00e8me de lutte \npropre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s nationales, tenant en compte les lapalissades nationales. \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Potentials for job creation and new markets through the industry of Agribusiness<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Potentials for job creation and new markets through the industry of Agribusiness<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tAfter years of neglect, agriculture is once again seizing the attention of African governments, \nbusiness leaders, communities, and development donors, as a powerful driver of the \ncontinent\u2019s relentless growth. Some estimated that Africa\u2019s population will be reaching 2 \nbillion in 2020, with resultant consequences for food security, growing urbanization, and \nyouth unemployment. Therefore, the majority of African countries urgently need to refocus \ntheir future agricultural growth strategies. \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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SSRN-id3247698 (1)<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Challenges Facing the Fight Against Fraud and Corruption Practices in the Cameroonian Public Sector<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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It has been documented that fraud and corruption are gargantuan twin brothers that have limited the growth and infrastructure of many nations and led many firms to the road of bankruptcy. Fraud is rarely seen but the symptoms of fraud are usually observed. Corruption, the twin brother of fraud is the misuse of entrusted power for private benefit and includes; bribes, cronyism and nepotism, political donations, kickbacks and artificial pricing and fraud of all kinds. Corruption in Cameroon has been a significant<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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SSRN-id3247698 (1)<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Challenges Facing the Fight Against Fraud and Corruption Practices in the Cameroonian Public Sector<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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It has been documented that fraud and corruption are gargantuan twin brothers that have limited the growth and infrastructure of many nations and led many firms to the road of bankruptcy. Fraud is rarely seen but the symptoms of fraud are usually observed. Corruption, the twin brother of fraud is the misuse of entrusted power for private benefit and includes; bribes, cronyism and nepotism, political donations, kickbacks and artificial pricing and fraud of all kinds. Corruption in Cameroon has been a significant<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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A Scientific Approach to Fighting Money Laundry: Forensic Accounts INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tThe urban dictionary (online) defines “magic bullet” as a term used to describe a universal solution a person uses for any problem they encounter” while the Merriam-Webster dictionary describes it as “something providing an effective solution to a difficult or previously unsolvable problem”. Furthermore, it can be described as the perfect drug to cure an ailment with no hazard of side effects. The term was first used in this manner by the German scientist, Paul Ehrlich to describe antibody and, later, the drug Salvarsan that he created to treat syphilis. In general, it refers to a magic answer to any vexing problem. The use of forensic science techniques has traditionally been concentrated on more serious crimes such as rape and homicide. Increasingly, however, forensic techniques are being used routinely to aid the investigation of volume crimes such as money laundry, financial crimes, white collar crimes, burglary and vehicle crime. This paper examines Forensic science techniques in developing Forensic accounts as it is. The paper explains the meaning, the purpose, the uses, the importance and the challenges of forensic accounting. The paper further enumerates skills needed for forensic accountants as well as factors impacting the growth of the demand of forensic accounting. Finally, the paper develops an overview of the contribution of forensic science to criminal investigations.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kelly Mua Kingsly PHD Public Policy and Business management Harvard Kennedy school of Government MC\/MPA Candidate Religion as a tool for Economic\/Political Transformation<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Early economists and other researchers have paid little attention to any link between religion and economic development; rather it is seen as something personal between man and his God. Religion, as a system of faith is based on belief in the existence of a particular God or gods, to some extent, influences or contributes in developing and coordinating the expression of the capacities latent in human nature for the progress of the society. Religion’s role in the determination of economic growth from central perspective is that religion affects economic outcomes mainly by fostering religious beliefs that influence individual traits such as honesty, work ethic, thrift, and openness to strangers. The paper examines the role of religion in transforming village-style and centralized government in Africa societies to democracy system of government. It also reviewed the economic system in Africa prior to colonial\/missionaries arrival in Africa. From various accounts, religion has contributed immensely to the economic development of the country through investment in different sectors of the economy like real estate, capital market, shopping complex, schools and banks (including Islamic banks).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Fraud and Corruption Practices in Public Sector: The Cameroon Experience<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Fraud and corruption are gargantuan twin brothers that have limited the growth and infrastructure of many nations and led many firms to the road of bankruptcy. Fraud is rarely seen but the symptoms of fraud are usually observed. Corruption the twin brother of fraud is the misuse of entrusted power for private benefit and includes; bribes, cronyism and nepotism, political donations, kickbacks and artificial pricing and fraud of all kinds. Corruption in Cameroon has been a significant problem for many years, inhibiting investment opportunities. The paper therefore adopts the agency theory to examine the level of fraud and corruption practices in doing business in Cameroon and evaluate the impact of government anti-corruption policies in fighting the menace of fraud and corruption practices. The study employed survey research method in obtaining data. Findings in this study revealed that virtually all the segment of the public sector are highly corrupt and Police, Custom and Tax administration are the most corrupt institution in Cameroon. Although, almost all the anti-corruption initiatives are ranked ineffective, only the CHOC-Cameroon programme (Change Habits, Oppose Corruption) are considered to be effective. This could be as a result of insincerity and lack of political will by the government to fight fraud and corruption in the system.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Perspectives of Infrastructure Development in Fragile Economies : Minding the gap between Infrastructure and Development<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Perspectives of infrastructure development in emerging countries<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tMany emerging markets and most low-income countries require a major step increase \nin infrastructure investment to alleviate growth constraints, respond to urbanization pressures \nand meet their crucial goals for inclusive growth, development, and sustainability. There is a \nwell-documented infrastructure deficit in many developing and developed countries, which is \nhampering growth prospects.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Moving from Strategy to Corporate Communication<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Moving from Strategy to Corporate Communication<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tThe concept of strategy has evolved substantially in the past thirty years. Organisations have \nlearned to analyze their immediate competitive environment, define their current position, \ndevelop competitive and corporate advantages, and understand weaknesses and threats to \nsustaining advantage in the face of challenging threats.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Moving From Economic Growth to Transformation through Energy and Power<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Moving From Economic Growth to Transformation through Energy and Power<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tElectricity is a major source of energy in all sectors of an economy, that is, the \nmilitary, home, industrial, education, commerce and agricultural sectors in a given country. \nThe role of power\/energy in economic transformation cannot be over-emphasized. Centuries \nbefore the discovery of electric light, kingdoms and empires depend on a source of \nenergy\/power to power great establishment and businesses. \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Leadership and development<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tA review of the leadership literature provides one with a plethora of definitions and theories, \nall of which are defined or propounded to suit the perception of the authors who suggested \nthem, or as descriptions of the leadership landscape that existed during certain eras or periods \nof human life. This dynamism or unsettling nature of discourses on the concept of leadership \nmay be attributed to the dynamic nature of the concept itself.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Le tresor public et la lutte contre la criminalite financiere<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tLe tr\u00e9sor public et la lutte contre la criminalit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re R\u00e9sum\u00e9 La criminalit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re au Cameroun comme dans plusieurs pays est constitu\u00e9e de plusieurs types d’infractions ayant en commun le fait qu’elles portent atteinte \u00e0 la vie \u00e9conomique du pays. Pour y faire face, les diff\u00e9rents gouvernements ont d\u00fb adopter un syst\u00e8me de lutte propre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s nationales, tenant en compte les lapalissades nationales. La lutte contre la criminalit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re s’appuie sur une multitude de textes l\u00e9gislatifs et r\u00e9glementaires, mais aussi sur des organes pr\u00e9cis. De plus, la particularit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me camerounais de lutte contre la criminalit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re est que, pour certaines infractions commises, l’influence du cadre juridique international influence le traitement des infractions. Cet article, aborde les diff\u00e9rents politiques de lutte contre la criminalit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re au Cameroun. La premi\u00e8re partie aborde les textes nationaux et internationaux contre ce fl\u00e9au. La deuxi\u00e8me partie analyse le r\u00f4le des organismes ind\u00e9pendants et les organes judiciaires traditionnels, sans toutefois oublier le role d’Interpol.. Mots cl\u00e9s : Corruption, fraude, criminalit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re, Cameroun. INTRODUCTION Les questions de gouvernance au sein des Administrations publiques nationales et internationales du monde entier constituent des sujets de grand int\u00e9r\u00eat pour l’opinion publique, en raison notamment de ce que ces administrations ont la responsabilit\u00e9 de la gestion d’un patrimoine commun et l’obligation de d\u00e9f\u00e9rer aux principes de transparence et de reddition de compte qui caract\u00e9risent les Etats modernes. Il convient d’ailleurs d’observer que ces questions de gouvernance qui ne sont pas propres au secteur public, existent bel et bien dans le secteur priv\u00e9 et parfois de fa\u00e7on plus accentu\u00e9es, sans pour autant emporter le m\u00eame \u00e9cho au sein de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. (Siewe et Baban, 2019:205) La corruption est l’un des principaux fl\u00e9aux qui entrave le d\u00e9veloppement harmonieux de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, en profitant \u00e0 une minorit\u00e9 au d\u00e9triment de la grande et large majorit\u00e9 soci\u00e9tale. Au Cameroun, la corruption est r\u00e9prim\u00e9e par la loi N\u00b0 2016 \/007 du 12 juillet 2016 portant code p\u00e9nal. La convention des Nations Unies contre la corruption du 31 octobre 2003, dite convention de Merida, ratifi\u00e9e par le Cameroun le 18 mai 2004, d\u00e9finie la corruption comme : soustraction, d\u00e9tournement ou usage illicite de bien par un agent public ; trafic d’influence ; abus de fonction ; enrichissement illicite ; blanchissement du produit du crime ; recel ; entrave au bon fonctionnement de la justice et l’inobservation des r\u00e8gles des march\u00e9s publics. Le rapport de la Commission nationale anti-corruption du Cameroun du 28 d\u00e9cembre 2018 \u00e9pingle le Minist\u00e8re en charge des March\u00e9s publics comme l’administration la plus corrompue. Des mesures institutionnelles multiformes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises par les autorit\u00e9s camerounaises pour lutter contre ce fl\u00e9au, mais celui-ci continue de se r\u00e9pandre en se complexifiant, causant d’\u00e9normes pr\u00e9judices \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et aux couches les plus vuln\u00e9rables, en particulier. (Siewe et Baban, 2019:205) Les infractions financi\u00e8res portent atteinte \u00e0 la fortune publique du Cameroun, et le pays a adopt\u00e9 plusieurs textes nationaux en mati\u00e8re de lutte contre la criminalit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Cependant, face \u00e0 l’impact des infractions financi\u00e8res sur la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 internationale, il a fallu\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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International Public Sector Accounting System<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tThe global wind of economic integration has now reached the doorstep of accounting \nprofession with intense pressure on nations state to apply unified accounting Standards in \ngovernment undertakings. This effort could be seen as a centaury reform to the profession.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kelly Mua Kingsley Ph.D.\/MBA, MPA, CFI, CFI<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tForensic Investigation is trending. It is emerging and fast becoming a veritable tool in financial \ncrimes curtailment and\/or eradication. This mini project work proposes to examine the concept \nof Forensic Investigation as an emerging phenomenon particularly as it affects developing \nnation. \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Forensics is not a Magic Bullet: Understanding the nature of Forensic Science Public Finance specialist, Operations Expert, FCFIP, CFPA, CFA General Directorate of Treasury, Monetary and Finance Cooperation Ministry of Finance<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tForensic Science is an end-to-end process beginning at the scene and finishing in court. There are \nmany opportunities for quality failures along the way. To limit the focus to the validity and the \nquality of the actual tests does not support the contribution of forensic science to the criminal \njustice system and risks compromising it. A particularly critical aspect of the process is the \ninterpretation of the significance of the test findings in the context of the case and the faulty \nmethodology\/analytical tools used in arriving at a conclusion which is subject to human errors \nand technological changes. In this vein, standards that develop Forensic Experts may not be \nadequate to ensure proper evaluation of expert opinion as a safeguard to ensuring that the \nopinions are balanced, logical and transparent.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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IPSAS<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tThe global wind of economic integration has now reached the doorstep of accounting\nprofession with intense pressure on nations state to apply unified accounting Standards in\ngovernment undertakings. This effort could be seen as a centaury reform to the profession.\nThe reform agenda was perceived as way forward towards harmonizing public sector with\nprivate sector liked system and principle of financial reporting, which for long experts had\nbeen advocating on the believed that both sectors should operate at the same level of efficiency.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Professor. Kelly Mua Kingsley. Expert in Forensic Accounts Director for Finance Operations of the State Designated Representative of Cameroon-CONSUMAF Project Fund Manager-MINE PAT-Cameroon<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tAfrica has been changing fast over the past fifteen to twenty years. Both the growth \nperformances and the international image of the continent went through surprising U-turns, \nfrom widespread stagnation and pessimism to unprecedented progress and new prospects. The \nturnaround of economic performances began as early as the mid-1990s and led to a number of \nsub-Saharan countries achieving record growth rates for the better part of the following \ndecade. In spite of the profound changes underway in sub-Saharan Africa, social, political and \neconomic continuities were also bound to affect and challenge the region\u2019s trajectory. \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tresor public<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tLa criminalit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re au Cameroun comme dans plusieurs pays est constitu\u00e9e de plusieurs \ntypes d’infractions ayant en commun le fait qu’elles portent atteinte \u00e0 la vie \u00e9conomique du \npays. Pour y faire face, les diff\u00e9rents gouvernements ont d\u00fb adopter un syst\u00e8me de lutte \npropre aux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s nationales, tenant en compte les lapalissades nationales. La lutte contre la \ncriminalit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re s’appuie sur une multitude de textes l\u00e9gislatifs et r\u00e9glementaires, mais \naussi sur des organes pr\u00e9cis.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The incorporation of Corporate Social Responsibility into Public-Private Partnerships for Sustainable Development By: Prof Kelly Mua Kingsley<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tSince the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), public-private partnerships have become even more prominent. In simple terms, the Agenda is a plan of action for prosperity that seeks to strengthen universal peace and freedom by eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions. Further, the Agenda requests all stakeholders to act collaboratively in partnership \nfor sustainable development. UN agenda is a plan of action for \u2018people, planet, and \nprosperity.’\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Leadership<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tA review of the leadership literature provides one with a plethora of definitions and theories, \nall of which are defined or propounded to suit the perception of the authors who suggested \nthem, or as descriptions of the leadership landscape that existed during certain eras or periods \nof human life. This dynamism or unsettling nature of discourses on the concept of leadership \nmay be attributed to the dynamic nature of the concept itself.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Forensic accounting in market expansion: Google and the Chinese market<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tThe current reflection is about a new roadmap that the American giant, Google, Inc must \nfollow to reenter successfully the Chinese market by using tools like forensic accounting, \naudit techniques and other relevant initiatives related to better transparency of business \ntransactions. In order to achieve this, the piece develops the history between Google Inc, \nand China, what went wrong, and other issues related to the breakdown.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dr. Kelly Mua Kingsley. Expert in Forensic Accounts Director for Finance Operations of the State Designated Representative of Cameroon-CONSUMAF Project Fund Manager-MINE PAT-Cameroon<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tAfrica has been changing fast over the past fifteen to twenty years. Both the growth \nperformances and the international image of the continent went through surprising U-turns, \nfrom widespread stagnation and pessimism to unprecedented progress and new prospects. The \nturnaround of economic performances began as early as the mid-1990s and led to a number of \nsub-Saharan countries achieving record growth rates for the better part of the following \ndecade. In spite of the profound changes underway in sub-Saharan Africa, social, political and \neconomic continuities were also bound to affect and challenge the region\u2019s trajectory.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kelly Mua Kingsley Ph.D.\/MBA, MPA, CFI, CFI<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tForensic Investigation is trending. It is emerging and fast becoming a veritable tool in financial \ncrimes curtailment and\/or eradication. This mini project work proposes to examine the concept \nof Forensic Investigation as an emerging phenomenon particularly as it affects developing \nnation. \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Douala Stock Exchange (DSX) in Cameroon and its Discontents<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tNdedi (2009) defines financial market as a market for the exchange of capital and credit, \nincluding the money markets and the capital markets. The author further asserts that the \nfinancial market is a place (physical or virtual) where people trade financial securities, \ncommodities, and other fungible items of value at low transaction costs and at prices that \nreflect local supply and demand. Securities include stocks and bonds, and commodities \ninclude precious metals or agricultural goods. \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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COMBATING BOKO HARAM TERRORISM FINANCING: CASE OF NIGERIA<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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by\u00a0Professsor Kelly M U A Kingsley<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Johnson Rokosu<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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COMBATING BOKO HARAM TERRORISM FINANCING: CASE OF NIGERIA<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tRecent terrorists activities in Lake Chad basin (comprises of countries such as Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon) have adversely affected the socio political and economic situation in the region. study involves assessing the historical background and and investigating the sources of funding Boko Haram terrorist group and effect on economic activities. The research approach to this study entails a literature review that is carried out to identify the knowledge gap in previous studies, to obtain background information to the research topic, to identify tested methods, techniques and research designs for uncovering the answer to the research questions, as well as to obtain an understanding o bearing on the study. Combination of historical research design and survey research technique was used in this study. to anal group is as a result of availability of several sources of funds to finance its activities, if these sources are cut off or contained, the menace will drastically red terrorism financing and its availability to the Boko Haram terrorist group activities have effect on socio political\/ economic development in the region. The authors are of opinion that regional government and proferring solution to t Copyright \u00a9 2015 Kelly Mua kingsly et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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ECONOMIC PROSPERITY THROUGH ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT20190807 46613 k1w4tl<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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ECONOMIC PROSPERITY THROUGH ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t Download<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tThe integration vision for an African Economic Community through five geographic regions was \nrecommended by the Abuja Treaty (1991). To streamline the existing multiple blocs in these regions, \nthe African Union identified eight Regional Economic Communities (RECs) in its rationalization \ndrive. The integration vision seeks to attain collective autonomy and contribute to raising the living \nstandards of the population through the expansion of African markets and increased trade between \nAfrica and the world.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Challenges Facing the Fight Against Fraud and Corruption Practices in the Cameroonian Public Sector<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Challenges Facing the Fight Against Fraud and Corruption Practices<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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It has been documented that fraud and corruption are gargantuan twin brothers that have limited the growth and infrastructure of many nations and led many firms to the road of bankruptcy. Fraud is rarely seen but the symptoms of fraud are usually observed. Corruption, the twin brother of fraud is the misuse of entrusted power for private benefit and includes; bribes, cronyism and nepotism, political donations, kickbacks and artificial pricing and fraud of all kinds. Corruption in Cameroon has been a significant<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The incorporation of Corporate Social Responsibility into Public-Private Partnerships for Sustainable Development By: Prof Kelly Mua Kingsley<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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CSR-PPP, 2019<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Since the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDGs), public-private partnerships have become even more prominent. In simple terms, the Agenda is a plan of action for prosperity that seeks to strengthen universal peace and freedom by eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions. Further, the Agenda requests all stakeholders to act collaboratively in partnership for sustainable development. UN agenda is a plan of action for \u2018people, planet, and prosperity.’ The 17 Goals cover all crucial policy areas to secure a sustainable future, including education, health, economic development, social protection, environmental protection, and natural resources governance. The 17 goals are operational in 169 targets which need to be reached by 2030 or earlier. The SDGs build on the Millennium Development Goals and aim to complete what these Millennium Development Goals did not achieve. The main difference between the Millennium Development Goals implemented from 2000 till 2015 and the Sustainable Development Goals launched in 2015 is that the former were mainly targeted to governments while the latter attempts to target many different stakeholders including the private sector. Therefore, a shift in approach between the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals is the recognition that policy objectives are best achieved by involving and integrating private actors in the policy process.

It must be recognized that Various actors have used Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) for sustainable development as a mechanism of operation during the last three decades. It is viewed as a shift in the public management way of doing business. Even if there are many types of PPP as depicted in the below figure 1, the above move is explained by the shift from \u2018public management\u2019 to \u2018public governance,’ signaling that governments are no longer the only providers of public policy but increasingly engage private actors. (Rosenau, 1995:13)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Agribusiness and Economic transformation<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Agribusiness and economic transformation, 2019<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tThird generation agriculture is at the center of economic transformation.The respository of the next level growth is in this domain and we hope to take this to the next level as we continously build on alternative sources to finance for growth and development . The fall in commodity prices in the world market accounts for diversification of sources of finance to state budget.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Rethinking the building blocks of ERM<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Rethinking the building blocks of ERM, 2019<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tInnovativeness risk management (ERM) in business includes the methods and processes used by organizations to manage risks and seize opportunities related to the achievement of their objectives. This paper argues, that Enterprise risk management being the process of aligning competitive strategy with the mechanisms that identify, aggregate, mitigate, avoid and transfer risk, is a goal of reducing losses while seizing opportunities in the marketplace. It is a disciplined approach to better manage the effects of uncertainty of an organization\u2019s capital and earnings. In theory, according to the authors, ERM guides managers as they coordinate the multitude of tasks in order to identify the potential risks encountered by individual employees, business units, geographic divisions and corporate leadership. The resulting portfolio of risk sets the stage for planning the avoidance, transfer and mitigation of potential risks so the uncertainty of achieving the expected outcome is reduced. Furthermore, the paper highlights that with ERM, effectiveness is predicated on a process orientation, proper tools and high-quality information from operating units and individuals. In this regard, the letter \u2018E\u2019 in the acronym ERM could just as easily stand for employee. Therefore, the importance of employee is important in ethics and legal compliance, where successful management depends as much on how leadership and culture influences employee behavior as on quantifiable controls and procedures. The above point will ground the first part of the paper.\nThe authors argued that the ethical health of an organization culture has gained importance due to high-profile business failures where material weakness was found in the control environment. This issue will be addressed in the second part of the paper. The details pertaining control environments with strong cultures of compliance are known to be conducive to the minimization of risk (a positive control environment), while those with a culture of non-compliance do little to reduce risk (a negative control environment). This paper explained in this same second part that an integral component of ERM is to holistically manage ethics and compliance risk to help shape and foster a strong ethical corporate culture. This paper examines in the third part the five integrated process steps in building a lawful ethical culture, define, prevent, detect, respond and evaluate, providing practical suggestions and real-world examples. The paper concludes by discussing the bottom-line benefits of ethics and compliance management and how to market these benefits inside the organization in order to create support for ethics and compliance initiatives.\nKey words: Enterprise Risk Management, ethics, compliance, organization.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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TERRORIOSM Financing<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tThe international community is concerned with the growing incidence of organized crime, corruption, and terrorism and the debilitating effect these problems have on peace, security and development. A successful strategy to address these international threats necessarily involves measures to address money laundering and the financing of terrorism (ML\/FT).\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Rethinking the building blocks of ERM<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Rethinking the building block of ERM, 2019<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tInnovativeness risk management (ERM) in business includes the methods and processes used by organizations to manage risks and seize opportunities related to the achievement of their objectives. This paper argues, that Enterprise risk management being the process of aligning competitive strategy with the mechanisms that identify, aggregate, mitigate, avoid and transfer risk, is a goal of reducing losses while seizing opportunities in the marketplace. It is a disciplined approach to better manage the effects of uncertainty of an organization\u2019s capital and earnings. In theory, according to the authors, ERM guides managers as they coordinate the multitude of tasks in order to identify the potential risks encountered by individual employees, business units, geographic divisions and corporate leadership. The resulting portfolio of risk sets the stage for planning the avoidance, transfer and mitigation of potential risks so the uncertainty of achieving the expected outcome is reduced. Furthermore, the paper highlights that with ERM, effectiveness is predicated on a process orientation, proper tools and high-quality information from operating units and individuals. In this regard, the letter \u2018E\u2019 in the acronym ERM could just as easily stand for employee. Therefore, the importance of employee is important in ethics and legal compliance, where successful management depends as much on how leadership and culture influences employee behavior as on quantifiable controls and procedures. The above point will ground the first part of the paper.\nThe authors argued that the ethical health of an organization culture has gained importance due to high-profile business failures where material weakness was found in the control environment. This issue will be addressed in the second part of the paper. The details pertaining control environments with strong cultures of compliance are known to be conducive to the minimization of risk (a positive control environment), while those with a culture of non-compliance do little to reduce risk (a negative control environment). This paper explained in this same second part that an integral component of ERM is to holistically manage ethics and compliance risk to help shape and foster a strong ethical corporate culture. This paper examines in the third part the five integrated process steps in building a lawful ethical culture, define, prevent, detect, respond and evaluate, providing practical suggestions and real-world examples. The paper concludes by discussing the bottom-line benefits of ethics and compliance management and how to market these benefits inside the organization in order to create support for ethics and compliance initiatives.\nKey words: Enterprise Risk Management, ethics, compliance, organization.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t Download<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"pdf-icon\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Rethinking the building blocks of ERM<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Rethinking the building block of ERM, 2019<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\tInnovativeness risk management (ERM) in business includes the methods and processes used by organizations to manage risks and seize opportunities related to the achievement of their objectives. This paper argues, that Enterprise risk management being the process of aligning competitive strategy with the mechanisms that identify, aggregate, mitigate, avoid and transfer risk, is a goal of reducing losses while seizing opportunities in the marketplace. It is a disciplined approach to better manage the effects of uncertainty of an organization\u2019s capital and earnings. In theory, according to the authors, ERM guides managers as they coordinate the multitude of tasks in order to identify the potential risks encountered by individual employees, business units, geographic divisions and corporate leadership. The resulting portfolio of risk sets the stage for planning the avoidance, transfer and mitigation of potential risks so the uncertainty of achieving the expected outcome is reduced. Furthermore, the paper highlights that with ERM, effectiveness is predicated on a process orientation, proper tools and high-quality information from operating units and individuals. In this regard, the letter \u2018E\u2019 in the acronym ERM could just as easily stand for employee. Therefore, the importance of employee is important in ethics and legal compliance, where successful management depends as much on how leadership and culture influences employee behavior as on quantifiable controls and procedures. The above point will ground the first part of the paper.\nThe authors argued that the ethical health of an organization culture has gained importance due to high-profile business failures where material weakness was found in the control environment. This issue will be addressed in the second part of the paper. The details pertaining control environments with strong cultures of compliance are known to be conducive to the minimization of risk (a positive control environment), while those with a culture of non-compliance do little to reduce risk (a negative control environment). This paper explained in this same second part that an integral component of ERM is to holistically manage ethics and compliance risk to help shape and foster a strong ethical corporate culture. This paper examines in the third part the five integrated process steps in building a lawful ethical culture, define, prevent, detect, respond and evaluate, providing practical suggestions and real-world examples. The paper concludes by discussing the bottom-line benefits of ethics and compliance management and how to market these benefits inside the organization in order to create support for ethics and compliance initiatives.\nKey words: Enterprise Risk Management, ethics, compliance, organization.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t Download<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"pdf-icon\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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FROM STRATEGY TO CORPORATE COMMUNICATION<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Leading Policy through Corporate communication, 2019<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The concept of strategy has evolved substantially in the past thirty years. Organizations have learned to analyze their immediate competitive environment, define their current position, develop competitive and corporate advantages, and understand weaknesses and threats to sustaining advantage in the face of challenging threats. Different approaches including industrial organization, the resource-based view, dynamic capabilities, and game theory have helped academics and practitioners understand the dynamics of competition and develop recommendations on how organizations should redefine their competitive and corporate strategies, corporate communication included. However, drivers such as globalization, deregulation, or technological change, just to mention a few, are profoundly changing the competitive game. Scholars and practitioners agree that the fastest growing organizations in this new environment appear to have taken advantage of these structural changes to compete \u201cdifferently\u201d and innovate in their business models. What about the Douala Stock Exchange?
His Excellency Mr. Paul BIYA, President of the Republic, in ordering the creation of a financial market in Cameroon, endowed the financial system, which was until then composed of banks, financial establishments and microfinance insti\u00actutions, with a modern tool to finance the economy. Thus by rationalizing the economic system and putting the country on course to become an emerging nation by 2035.
The ambitions of the Douala Stock Exchange (D.S.X) are:
– To establish the DSX as an attractive place for savers and to introduce the idea of Stock Market finance into the managerial culture of companies in Cameroon;
– To make the DSX an essential component of the economy of Cameroon ;
– To make a contribution to the growth and development of Cameroonian companies by allowing them to adopt and implement wider ambitions and achieve more quickly their objectives of development into international markets;
– To participate in the wider diffusion of a culture of transparency and sound corporate governance;
– To make a contribution to the dematerialization of financial assets;
– To make a contribution to increase awareness of Cameroon on international markets.

The Stock Exchange of Cameroon or the Stock Exchange or the Douala Stock Exchange or the DSX was created by, and is organized in accordance with the provisions of Law N\u00b0 99\/015 of the 22nd December, 1999. The Stock Exchange of Cameroon shall be sole agent authorized to carry out the trade of stocks, shares, transferable securities and other investment products. The Stock Exchange of Cameroon shall be charged with organizing the trade of transferable securities and other investment products registered in any of its departments. To this effect, it shall take upon itself the exclusive rights to regulate:
\u2022 access to the market
\u2022 admission to quotation
\u2022 organisation of transactions and the markets
\u2022 suspension of negotiations
\u2022 recording and publication of negotiations
\u2022 conclusion of transactions<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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